Análisis e comparativas
Análisis e comparativas
TRABALLO EN MARCHA NON ESTÁ REMATADA A VERSIÓN EN GALEGO
O meu portátil é un ordenador Acer 5755G coas siguientes características:
Meu portátil equipa unha tarxeta _Nvidia Geforce GT540M_ que resulta pertencer a unha pola morta na árbore de desenrolo de Nvidia.
A gráfica é unha Nvidia Optimus, unha tarxeta híbrida que traballaba perfectamente en Ubuntu 14.04 usando Bumblebee.
No upgrade a Ubuntu Xenial Xerus a miña gráfica deixou de traballar correctamente có método de instalación de _Bumblebee_ que viña usando. E mesmo con todo-los que fun quen de probar.
Ademais atopei problemas insolubles (para min) na instalación do Virtual Box así que decidín voltar a Debian.
Para facer a actualización do sistema optei por desinstalar o dvd e montar no seu sitio un disco SSD nun Caddie para Acer. A instalación foi moi doada, e ainda que o portátil arranca perfectamente de cualquera dos dous discos, finalmente optei por instalar o SSD na bahía interna do HD orixinal e pasar o HD orixinal ao caddie.
Unha vez instalado o novo sistema operativo, o primeiro foi a instalación do Bumblebee para probar que funcionaba normalmente.
sudo apt-get install firmware-linux-nonfree Bumblebee-nvidia primus
Executamos:
sudo dpkg-reconfigure locales
Despois só teremos que cambiar a selección do idioma na configuración de Gnome.
Tra-la reconfiguración teremos que rearrancar Gnome y renomeará todos-los directorios do sistema.
Instalamos aptitude, synaptic e gdebi
sudo apt-get install aptitude sudo apt-get install synaptic sudo apt-get install gdebi
Cambiamos as opcións de aptitude para que non instale os paquetes recomendados.
Editamos o ficheiro /etc/apt/sources.list e comentamos as lineas do cdrom.
sudo cat> /etc/apt/sources.list.d/backports.list <<EOF # backports deb http://ftp.debian.org/debian/ jessie-backports main contrib non-free EOF
sudo cat>> /etc/apt/sources.list.d/multimedia.list <<EOF # multimedia deb http://www.deb-multimedia.org/ jessie main non-free EOF sudo apt-get -y --allow-unauthenticated install --reinstall deb-multimedia-keyring
E actualizamos:
sudo aptitude update
Un editor de menús para Gnome, poderemos xerar os arquivos desktop para cualquera aplicación. Moito mais completo que alacarte a outra alternativa.
sudo apt-get install menulibre
Terminator é un emulador de terminal moi completo y moi flexible. Instalaremolos dende aptitude
sudo aptitude install terminator python-keybinder
Instalado keepass2 dende Debian
sudo aptitude install keepass2
Un sudo en modo gráfico:
sudo aptitude install gksu
Moi importante executar gksu-properties
e escoller o modo sudo
e non o de su
. Evitaremos problemas coa instalación de moitas aplicacións.
Para xestionar discos portátiles, memorias, etc,.
sudo apt-get install ntfs-3g disk-manager
Finanzas en linux
sudo apt-get -t jessie-backports install gnucash
Facede sempre backups!
sudo apt-get install rsync grsync
Baixado o paquete Debian dende a páxina web de Dropbox, instalado o paquete con packageinstall, e decir, simplemente pinchando dende o xestor de ficheiros.
sudo apt-get install rar unrar zip unzip unace bzip2 lzop p7zip p7zip-full p7zip-rar
Mellor que Freemind (na miña opinión). O baile de sempre, descarregar da web, descomprimir en ~/apps e crear o lanzador con MenuLibre. Todo-los ficheiros que tiña feitos con Freemind podense usar directamente co Freeplane.
O cliente de mensaxería de Telegram. Descarregado dende a web, instalado en ~/apps
Instalado o Chrome engadindo as fontes e executando aptitude. Non me lembro como as engadin.
No ficheiro /etc/apt/sources.list.d/google-chrome.list, teño este contido:
### ### ### ### ### THIS FILE IS AUTOMATICALLY CONFIGURED ### # You may comment out this entry, but any other modifications may be lost. deb [arch=amd64] http://dl.google.com/linux/chrome/deb/ stable main
Para instalar executamos:
sudo aptitude install google-chrome-stable sudo aptitude install chromium
Baixado o zip dende a web oficial, e descomprimido no directorio ~/apps
O ficheiro desktop, que ven incluido no paquete, copieino a ~/.local/share/applications
Baseado na web nix/bsd.
Ainda non rematei a configuración.
A miña aplicación preferida para descarregar torrents
Instalamos dende aptitude
sudo aptitude install deluge xdg-mime default deluge.desktop x-scheme-handler/magnet
Tiddly é unha wiki auto-contida e moi flexible, ten unha morea de versións, adaptadas para diferentes usos. Usoa dende fai uns anos como caderno de bitácora persoal, pero non estaba a seguir a sua evolución.
Descarreguei:
Ademáis instalei a aplicación TiddlyDesktop, baseada en node webkit que simplifica o tema dos backups das tuas wikis (en teoría).
Como facemos sempre descomprimimos en ~/apps e creamos un lanzador con MenuLibre.
O programa libre para creación e edición de gráficos vectoriais.
apt-cache policy inkscape apt-get -t jessie-backports install inkscape aptitude install ink-generator
Imprescidibles para a creación e diseño en 2D e 3D.
Instalado dende os repos con aptitude
apt-get install librecad apt-get -t jessie-backports install freecad
O programa libre por excelencia de edición e retocado de imáxenes.
Gimp xa estaba instalado por defecto, instalamos ademais o gimp data-extra
sudo aptitude install gimp-plugin-registry gimp-texturize gimp-data-extras gimp-gap
Un programa de captura de pantallas que permite editalas rápidamente:
sudo aptitude install shutter libgoo-canvas-perl
É unha aplicación java para facer bocetos de páxinas web, probablemente non a necesitas.
Descarregar a derradeira versión (paquete Debian) dende la página web. Instalamolo e listo. Pode dar problemas si usamos Iceweasel, xa que o paquete depende de Firefox. Mais info aquí
Se gostas da fotografía e/ou tes unha cámara reflex precisas probar estas aplicacións.
sudo aptitude install icc-profiles icc-profiles-free sudo aptitude install rawtherapee darktable
Para facer pelis de stopmotion
sudo aptitude install stopmotion vgrabbj dvgrab
TODO: Probar qStopmotion
Instalamos os codecs
sudo apt-get install libav-tools sudo apt-get install faad gstreamer0.10-ffmpeg gstreamer0.10-x \ gstreamer0.10-fluendo-mp3 gstreamer0.10-plugins-base \ gstreamer0.10-plugins-good gstreamer0.10-plugins-bad \ gstreamer0.10-plugins-ugly ffmpeg lame twolame vorbis-tools \ libquicktime2 libfaac0 libmp3lame0 libxine2-all-plugins libdvdread4 \ libdvdnav4 libmad0 sox libxvidcore4 libstdc++5 sudo apt-get install w64codecs
Instalamos Clementine, decibel, audacity, soundconverter:
sudo aptitude install clementine gstreamer0.10-plugins-bad sudo aptitude install decibel-audio-player audacity soundconverter
Instalamos gpodder para xestionar os nosos podcast, ainda que non é imprescindible, Clementine tamén nos vale como xestor de podcasts.
sudo aptitude install gpodder
Cliente de Spotify, se é que o usas.
sudo apt-key adv --keyserver hkp://keyserver.ubuntu.com:80 --recv-keys BBEBDCB318AD50EC6865090613B00F1FD2C19886 echo deb http://repository.spotify.com stable non-free | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/spotify.list sudo aptitude update sudo aptitude install spotify-client
Instalamos utilidades de video:
sudo aptitude install vlc browser-plugin-vlc sudo aptitude install recordmydesktop gtk-recordmydesktop sudo aptitude install vokoscreen sudo aptitude install handbrake handbrake-cli handbrake-gtk
Para poder traballar co noso DNI electrónico, instalamos:
sudo aptitude libccid install pcscd pcsc-tools
Como root ejecutamos pcsc_scan 1):
root@rasalhague:~# pcsc_scan PC/SC device scanner V 1.4.23 (c) 2001-2011, Ludovic Rousseau <ludovic.rousseau@free.fr> Compiled with PC/SC lite version: 1.8.11 Using reader plug'n play mechanism Scanning present readers... Waiting for the first reader...
Se insertamos o lector de DNIe veremos algo coma esto:
root@rasalhague:~# pcsc_scan PC/SC device scanner V 1.4.23 (c) 2001-2011, Ludovic Rousseau <ludovic.rousseau@free.fr> Compiled with PC/SC lite version: 1.8.11 Using reader plug'n play mechanism Scanning present readers... Waiting for the first reader...found one Scanning present readers... 0: C3PO LTC31 v2 (11061005) 00 00 Wed Jan 25 01:17:20 2017 Reader 0: C3PO LTC31 v2 (11061005) 00 00 Card state: Card removed,
De novo, se insertamos un DNI veremos que se lé a información da tarxeta insertada:
Reader 0: C3PO LTC31 v2 (11061005) 00 00 Card state: Card inserted, y mas rollo
Instalamos agora:
aptitude install pinentry-gtk2 opensc
Un cliente seguro de mensaxeria.
sudo aptitude install apt-transport-https wget -q https://wire-app.wire.com/linux/releases.key -O- | sudo apt-key add - echo "deb https://wire-app.wire.com/linux/debian stable main" | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/wire-desktop.list sudo aptitude update sudo aptitude install wire-desktop
O mellor programa para xestionar libros electrónicos.
Executamos os comandos suxeridos na páxina web:
sudo -v && wget -nv -O- https://raw.githubusercontent.com/kovidgoyal/calibre/master/setup/linux-installer.py \ | sudo python -c "import sys; main=lambda:sys.stderr.write('Download failed\n'); exec(sys.stdin.read()); main()"
Para usar o Calibre co Kobo Glo:
Alguns enlaces útiles:
Pandoc é un traductor entre formatos de documento. Está escrito en Python e é incriblemente útil. De feito, este documento está escrito usando o Pandoc.
Instalado o Pandoc descarregando o paquete deb dende a páxina web do proxecto Pandoc.
Descargamos las plantillas desde o repo executando os seguintes comandos:
cd ~/.pandoc git clone https://github.com/jgm/pandoc-templates templates
Zotero é un programa que permite manter unha ou varias bibliografías con referencias a libros, páxinas web ou documentos electrónicos.
Instalado o Zotero Standalone dende a páxina web do programa
O LaTeX do Debian está un pouquiño anticuado, se queres usar unha versión actualizada terás que aplicar esta receta.
cd ~ mkdir tmp cd tmp wget http://mirror.ctan.org/systems/texlive/tlnet/install-tl-unx.tar.gz tar xzf install-tl-unx.tar.gz cd install-tl-xxxxxx
A parte xxxxxx varía en función do estado da derradeira versión do LaTeX dispoñible.
sudo ./install-tl
Unha vez lanzada a instalación poderemos desmarcar as opcións que instalan a documentación e as fontes. Teremos que consultar a documentación on line pero aforraranos prácticamente o 50% do espacio necesario. No meu caso sen doc nin src ocupa 2,3Gb
mkdir -p /opt sudo ln -s /usr/local/texlive/2016/bin/* /opt/texbin
Para rematar a instalación engadimos /opt/texbin ao path.
Xa temos o texlive instalado, agora precisamos que o xestor de paquetes o rexistre como instalado.
sudo apt-get install equivs --no-install-recommends mkdir -p /tmp/tl-equivs && cd /tmp/tl-equivs equivs-control texlive-local
Para facelo mais doado podemos descarregar un ficheiro xa preparado, executando:
wget http://www.tug.org/texlive/files/debian-equivs-2015-ex.txt /bin/cp -f debian-equivs-2015-ex.txt texlive-local
Editamos a versión e
equivs-build texlive-local sudo dpkg -i texlive-local_2015-1_all.deb
Todo listo, agora podemos instalar cualquer paquete que dependa de texlive
Para deixar dispoñibles as fuentes opentype y truetype que veñen con texlive para o resto de aplicacións:
sudo cp $(kpsewhich -var-value TEXMFSYSVAR)/fonts/conf/texlive-fontconfig.conf /etc/fonts/conf.d/09-texlive.conf gksudo gedit /etc/fonts/conf.d/09-texlive.conf
Borramos a línea:
<dir>/usr/local/texlive/2016/texmf-dist/fonts/type1</dir>
E executamos:
sudo fc-cache -fsv
Para actualizar o noso latex á derradeira versión de todo-los paquetes:
sudo /opt/texbin/tlmgr update --self sudo /opt/texbin/tlmgr update --all
Tamén podemos lanzar o instalador gráfico con:
sudo /opt/texbin/tlmgr --gui
Para usar o instalador gráfico hai que instalar previamente:
sudo apt-get install perl-tk --no-install-recommends
mkdir -p ~/.local/share/applications /bin/rm ~/.local/share/applications/tlmgr.desktop cat > ~/.local/share/applications/tlmgr.desktop << EOF [Desktop Entry] Version=1.0 Name=TeX Live Manager Comment=Manage TeX Live packages GenericName=Package Manager Exec=gksu -d -S -D "TeX Live Manager" '/opt/texbin/tlmgr -gui' Terminal=false Type=Application Icon=system-software-update EOF
Ollo! Hai que deixar instalado o gksu (ainda que debería estar de antes se sigues este doc)
sudo aptitude install gksu
Emacs: o mellor editor.
Instalado emacs dende os repos:
sudo aptitude install emacs
Instalamos los paquetes markdown-mode, mardown-plus y pandoc-mode desde el menú de gestión de paquetes de emacs.
Como estou a aprender a linguaxe de programación D, instalamos tamén d-mode y flymake-d (posiblemente ti non os precisas)
Despois de probar flymake e flycheck gostei mais de flycheck Hai unha sección de configuración no fichero .emacs de exemplo para cada un deles, pero a de flymake está comentada.
Configuramos o ficheiro .emacs definindo algunhas preferencias, algunhas funcións útiles e engadimos oríxenes extra de paquetes.
(custom-set-variables ;; custom-set-variables was added by Custom. ;; If you edit it by hand, you could mess it up, so be careful. ;; Your init file should contain only one such instance. ;; If there is more than one, they won't work right. '(show-paren-mode t)) (custom-set-faces ;; custom-set-faces was added by Custom. ;; If you edit it by hand, you could mess it up, so be careful. ;; Your init file should contain only one such instance. ;; If there is more than one, they won't work right. ) ;;------------------------------------------------------------ ;; Some settings (setq inhibit-startup-message t) ; Eliminate FSF startup msg (setq frame-title-format "%b") ; Put filename in titlebar ;(setq visible-bell t) ; Flash instead of beep (set-scroll-bar-mode 'right) ; Scrollbar placement (show-paren-mode t) ; Blinking cursor shows matching parentheses (setq column-number-mode t) ; Show column number of current cursor location (mouse-wheel-mode t) ; wheel-mouse support (setq fill-column 78) (setq auto-fill-mode t) ; Set line width to 78 columns... (setq-default indent-tabs-mode nil) ; Insert spaces instead of tabs (global-set-key "\r" 'newline-and-indent) ; turn autoindenting on ;(set-default 'truncate-lines t) ; Truncate lines for all buffers ;(require 'iso-transl) ; doesn't seems to be needed in debian ;;------------------------------------------------------------ ;; Some useful key definitions (define-key global-map [M-S-down-mouse-3] 'imenu) (global-set-key [C-tab] 'hippie-expand) ; expand (global-set-key [C-kp-subtract] 'undo) ; [Undo] (global-set-key [C-kp-multiply] 'goto-line) ; goto line (global-set-key [C-kp-add] 'toggle-truncate-lines) ; goto line (global-set-key [C-kp-divide] 'delete-trailing-whitespace) ; delete trailing whitespace (global-set-key [C-kp-decimal] 'completion-at-point) ; complete at point (global-set-key [C-M-prior] 'next-buffer) ; next-buffer (global-set-key [C-M-next] 'previous-buffer) ; previous-buffer ;;------------------------------------------------------------ ;; Set encoding (prefer-coding-system 'utf-8) (setq coding-system-for-read 'utf-8) (setq coding-system-for-write 'utf-8) ;;------------------------------------------------------------ ;; Maximum colors (cond ((fboundp 'global-font-lock-mode) ; Turn on font-lock (syntax highlighting) (global-font-lock-mode t) ; in all modes that support it (setq font-lock-maximum-decoration t))) ; Maximum colors ;;------------------------------------------------------------ ;; Use % to match various kinds of brackets... ;; See: http://www.lifl.fr/~hodique/uploads/Perso/patches.el (global-set-key "%" 'match-paren) ; % key match parents (defun match-paren (arg) "Go to the matching paren if on a paren; otherwise insert %." (interactive "p") (let ((prev-char (char-to-string (preceding-char))) (next-char (char-to-string (following-char)))) (cond ((string-match "[[{(<]" next-char) (forward-sexp 1)) ((string-match "[\]})>]" prev-char) (backward-sexp 1)) (t (self-insert-command (or arg 1)))))) ;;------------------------------------------------------------ ;; The wonderful bubble-buffer (defvar LIMIT 1) (defvar time 0) (defvar mylist nil) (defun time-now () (car (cdr (current-time)))) (defun bubble-buffer () (interactive) (if (or (> (- (time-now) time) LIMIT) (null mylist)) (progn (setq mylist (copy-alist (buffer-list))) (delq (get-buffer " *Minibuf-0*") mylist) (delq (get-buffer " *Minibuf-1*") mylist))) (bury-buffer (car mylist)) (setq mylist (cdr mylist)) (setq newtop (car mylist)) (switch-to-buffer (car mylist)) (setq rest (cdr (copy-alist mylist))) (while rest (bury-buffer (car rest)) (setq rest (cdr rest))) (setq time (time-now))) (global-set-key [f8] 'bubble-buffer) ; win-tab switch the buffer (defun geosoft-kill-buffer () ;; Kill default buffer without the extra emacs questions (interactive) (kill-buffer (buffer-name)) (set-name)) (global-set-key [C-delete] 'geosoft-kill-buffer) ;;---------------------------------------------------------------------- ;; MELPA and others (when (>= emacs-major-version 24) (require 'package) (package-initialize) (add-to-list 'package-archives '("melpa" . "http://melpa.org/packages/") t) (add-to-list 'package-archives '("gnu" . "http://elpa.gnu.org/packages/") t) (add-to-list 'package-archives '("marmalade" . "https://marmalade-repo.org/packages/") t) ) ; (add-to-list 'load-path "~/.emacs.d/") ;;---------------------------------------------------------------------- ;; Packages installed via package ;;------------------------------ ;;---------------------------------------------------------------------- ;; flymake and flycheck installed from package ;; I think you have to choose only one ;; (require 'flymake) ;; ;;(global-set-key (kbd "C-c d") 'flymake-display-err-menu-for-current-line) ;; (global-set-key (kbd "C-c d") 'flymake-popup-current-error-menu) ;; (global-set-key (kbd "C-c n") 'flymake-goto-next-error) ;; (global-set-key (kbd "C-c p") 'flymake-goto-prev-error) (add-hook 'after-init-hook #'global-flycheck-mode) (global-set-key (kbd "C-c C-p") 'flycheck-previous-error) (global-set-key (kbd "C-c C-n") 'flycheck-next-error) ;; Define d-mode addons ;; Activate flymake or flycheck for D ;; Activate auto-complete-mode ;; Activate yasnippet minor mode if available ;; Activate dcd-server (require 'ac-dcd) (add-hook 'd-mode-hook (lambda() ;;(flymake-d-load) (flycheck-dmd-dub-set-variables) (require 'flycheck-d-unittest) (setup-flycheck-d-unittest) (auto-complete-mode t) (when (featurep 'yasnippet) (yas-minor-mode-on)) (ac-dcd-maybe-start-server) (ac-dcd-add-imports) (add-to-list 'ac-sources 'ac-source-dcd) (define-key d-mode-map (kbd "C-c ?") 'ac-dcd-show-ddoc-with-buffer) (define-key d-mode-map (kbd "C-c .") 'ac-dcd-goto-definition) (define-key d-mode-map (kbd "C-c ,") 'ac-dcd-goto-def-pop-marker) (define-key d-mode-map (kbd "C-c s") 'ac-dcd-search-symbol) (when (featurep 'popwin) (add-to-list 'popwin:special-display-config `(,ac-dcd-error-buffer-name :noselect t)) (add-to-list 'popwin:special-display-config `(,ac-dcd-document-buffer-name :position right :width 80)) (add-to-list 'popwin:special-display-config `(,ac-dcd-search-symbol-buffer-name :position bottom :width 5))))) ;; Define diet template mode (this is not installed from package) (add-to-list 'auto-mode-alist '("\\.dt$" . whitespace-mode)) (add-hook 'whitespace-mode-hook (lambda() (setq tab-width 2) (setq whitespace-line-column 250) (setq indent-tabs-mode nil) (setq indent-line-function 'insert-tab))) ;;---------------------------------------------------------------------- ;; elpy (elpy-enable)
Un potente editor de desenrolo, multiplataforma.
Ven incluido no pack D-apt, por que é moi potente como IDE para o D.
Ata agora só configurei a fonte, para facelo editamos o ficheiro ~/.textadept/init.lua e engadimos a línea:
ui.set_theme('light', {font = 'Meslo LG L Regular for Powerline', fontsize = 14})
Scribus e un programa libre de composición de documentos. con Scribus podes elaborar dende os folletos dunha exposición ata unha revista ou un poster.
Instalado con aptitude
sudo aptitude install scribus
O meu preferido para leer comics.
Instalado con aptitude
sudo aptitude install comix
Estos son os paquetes imprescindibles para desenrolo software en linux
sudo apt-get install build-essential checkinstall make automake cmake autoconf git git-core dpkg wget
Imprescindible.
Instalado git dende aptitude
sudo aptitude install git
Configuración básica de git, evidentemente tes que cambiar o correo e o nome de usuario
git config --global user.name "Nombre Apellido" git config --global user.email "direccion@correo.com" git config --global core.editor emacs git config --global color.ui true git config --global credential.helper cache git config --global credential.helper 'cache --timeout=7200' git config --global push.default simple git config --global alias.sla 'log --oneline --decorate --graph --all' git config --global alias.car 'commit --amend --no-edit' git config --global alias.unstage reset git config --global alias.st status git config --global alias.last 'log -1 HEAD' git config --global alias.ca 'commit -a'
Teremos que usar Java para executar varios programas, preferimos a versión aberta.
apt-get install openjdk-7-jre icedtea-7-plugin
El lenguaje de programación D e unha linguaxe de programación de sistemas cunha sintáxis similar a de C e tipado estático. Combina a eficiencia, o control e a potencia de modelado coa seguridade e a productividade.
Configurado d-apt, instalados todo-los programas do repo:
sudo wget http://master.dl.sourceforge.net/project/d-apt/files/d-apt.list -O /etc/apt/sources.list.d/d-apt.list sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get -y --allow-unauthenticated install --reinstall d-apt-keyring && sudo apt-get update
Instalamos todo-los programas asociados.
sudo aptitude install dmd dub dcd dfix dfmt dscanner textadept
Unha vez instalado o DCD temos que configuralo creando el ficheiro ~/.config/dcd/dcd.conf có contido seguinte:
/usr/include/dmd/druntime/import /usr/include/dmd/phobos
Podemolo probar con:
dcd-server & echo | dcd-client --search toImpl
Instalado con
sudo aptitude install gdc
Instalado con:
sudo aptitude install ldc
Para poder executar aplicacións baseadas en Vibed, temos que instalar:
sudo apt-get install -y libssl-dev libevent-dev
Instalados os seguintes paquetes dende marmalade
Configuranse no ficheiro ~/.emacs:
;; (require 'flymake) ;; ;;(global-set-key (kbd "C-c d") 'flymake-display-err-menu-for-current-line) ;; (global-set-key (kbd "C-c d") 'flymake-popup-current-error-menu) ;; (global-set-key (kbd "C-c n") 'flymake-goto-next-error) ;; (global-set-key (kbd "C-c p") 'flymake-goto-prev-error) (add-hook 'after-init-hook #'global-flycheck-mode) (global-set-key (kbd "C-c C-p") 'flycheck-previous-error) (global-set-key (kbd "C-c C-n") 'flycheck-next-error) ;; Define d-mode addons ;; Activate flymake or flycheck for D ;; Activate auto-complete-mode ;; Activate yasnippet minor mode if available ;; Activate dcd-server (require 'ac-dcd) (add-hook 'd-mode-hook (lambda() ;;(flymake-d-load) (flycheck-dmd-dub-set-variables) (require 'flycheck-d-unittest) (setup-flycheck-d-unittest) (auto-complete-mode t) (when (featurep 'yasnippet) (yas-minor-mode-on)) (ac-dcd-maybe-start-server) (ac-dcd-add-imports) (add-to-list 'ac-sources 'ac-source-dcd) (define-key d-mode-map (kbd "C-c ?") 'ac-dcd-show-ddoc-with-buffer) (define-key d-mode-map (kbd "C-c .") 'ac-dcd-goto-definition) (define-key d-mode-map (kbd "C-c ,") 'ac-dcd-goto-def-pop-marker) (define-key d-mode-map (kbd "C-c s") 'ac-dcd-search-symbol) (when (featurep 'popwin) (add-to-list 'popwin:special-display-config `(,ac-dcd-error-buffer-name :noselect t)) (add-to-list 'popwin:special-display-config `(,ac-dcd-document-buffer-name :position right :width 80)) (add-to-list 'popwin:special-display-config `(,ac-dcd-search-symbol-buffer-name :position bottom :width 5))))) ;; Define diet template mode (this is not installed from package) (add-to-list 'auto-mode-alist '("\\.dt$" . whitespace-mode)) (add-hook 'whitespace-mode-hook (lambda() (setq tab-width 2) (setq whitespace-line-column 250) (setq indent-tabs-mode nil) (setq indent-line-function 'insert-tab)))
Un entorno de programación baseado en java e ideal para aprender a programar dende cero.
Baixamos os paquetes das respectivas páxinas web, descomprimimimos en ~/apps/ y creamos os desktop file con Menulibre
Cunha filosofía moi parecida á de Processing pero baseado en C.
Baixamos o paquete comprimido da páxina web do proxecto.
Descomprimimos en ~/apps
Baixamos ao directorio da aplicación e executamos:
sudo scripts/linux/debian/install_dependencies.sh sudo scripts/linux/debian/install_codecs.sh cd scripts/linux ./compileOF.sh -j2 cd OF/examples/graphics/polygonExample make make Run cd OF/scripts/linux ./compilePG.sh
Vai instalar unha morea de dependencias, tomadeo con calma.
Ao final tamén vai engadir unha linea no ficheiro ~/.profile
export PG_OF_PATH=/home/salvari/apps/of/of_v0.9.3_linux64_release
De partida temos instaladas duas versións: python e python3
python -V Python 2.7.9 python3 -V Python 3.4.2
pip é un xestor de paquetes para Python que facilita a instalación de librerías e utilidades.
Para poder usar os entornos virtuais instalaremos tamén virtualenv.
Instalamos os dous dende aptitude:
sudo aptitude install python-pip python-virtualenv virtualenv sudo pip install --upgrade pip sudo pip install --upgrade virtualenv
virtualenv é unha ferramenta imprescindible en Python, pero da un pouco de traballo, así que desarrolaronse alguns frontends para simplificar o seu uso, para bash e zsh usaremos virtualenvwrapper, e para fish o virtualfish. Como veremos son todos moi semellantes.
Instalamos o virtualwrapper:
sudo apt-get install virtualenvwrapper -y
Para usar o virtualenvwrapper temos que facer:
source /usr/share/virtualenvwrapper/virtualenvwrapper.sh
Ou engadir esa linea aos nosos ficheiros .bashrc e/ou .zshrc
Eu deixei a variable de entorno WORKON_HOME sen definir, así que apunta ao directorio por defecto, ~/.virtualenvs
. Nese directorio é onde se gardarán os nosos entornos virtuais.
Eiquí temos a referencia de comandos de virtualenvwrapper
Para rematar, se queremos ter utilidades semellantes no noso fish shell instalamos virtualfish:
sudo pip install virtualfish
Eiquí temos a documentación de virtualfish e a descripción de todos os comandos e plugins dispoñibles.
iPython, y su evolución Jupyter proporcionan un entorno para interactivo de programación que permite elaborar documentos muy complejos con programas embebidos.
Seguimos las instrucciones aquí
Si usamos el script descargado del github se instalará el Jupyter con el python3 del sistema. __Conviene asegurarse de que estamos apuntando al python del S.O. y no a cualquier otro Python que hayamos instalado:
which python
Teóricamente Anaconda, es la forma fácil de poder usar ipython notebook. Así que la primera vez que instalé el iPython lo hice instalando Anaconda De hecho me he instalado dos versiones la que incluye el python2 y la que incluye el python3, aunque son completamente redundantes, basta con instalar una sola de ellas.
bash Anaconda3-4.2.0-Linux-x86_64.sh bash Anaconda2-4.2.0-Linux-x86_64.sh
Los he dejado instalados en ~/apps/anaconda2 y ~/apps/anaconda3
Cada una de estas instalaciones incorpora su propia versión de Python. Para usarlas tenemos que cambiar nuestro PATH para que el Python deseado sea el primero que se selecciona.
Por ejemplo para activar anaconda3 en bash:
export PATH="~/apps/anaconda3/bin:$PATH"
Para hacer lo mismo en fish:
set -x PATH ~/apps/anaconda3/bin $PATH
La instalación de iPython y GraphLab (que es una librería comercial) la hice para realizar un curso.
Creamos un entorno conda con Python 2.7.x
export PATH="~/apps/anaconda2/bin:$PATH" conda create -n gl-env python=2.7 anaconda
Activamos el nuevo entorno (todo esto lo hice en bash, en fish hay un problemilla con el entorno conda mas info)
bash source activate gl-env
En el futuro esto es todo lo que tendremos que hacer activar el entorno conda donde estamos instalando el iPython.
Nos aseguramos de tener pip al dia:
conda update pip
Instalamos la biblioteca GraphLab Create. Esta biblioteca se supone que es fácil de usar pero está sujeta a licencia. 2)
Una vez registrado en la página web te pasan un número de registro que tienes que usar para instalar la biblioteca.
pip install --upgrade --no-cache-dir https://get.graphlab.com/GraphLab-Create/2.1/your registered email address here/your product key here/GraphLab-Create-License.tar.gz
Y para terminar instalamos iPython 3):
conda install ipython-notebook
Desde ahora basta con activar el entorno que hemos creado para tener acceso al iPython.
source activate gl-env ipython notebook source deactivate gl-env
# Create a virtual environment named e.g. gl-env virtualenv gl-env # Activate the virtual environment source gl-env/bin/activate # Make sure pip is up to date pip install --upgrade pip # Install IPython Notebook (optional) pip install "ipython[notebook]" # Install Jupyter Notebook (optional) pip install "jupyter" # Install your licensed copy of GraphLab Create pip install --upgrade --no-cache-dir https://get.graphlab.com/GraphLab-Create/2.1/your registered email address here/your product key here/GraphLab-Create-License.tar.gz
Instalamos elpy desde el gestor de paquetes de Emacs, concretamente desde el repo marmalade
Hay que habilitar elpy en el fichero ~/.emacs para ello añadimos la linea
(elpy enable)
flycheck chequea el código python. Conviene instalar:
sudo pip install pylint
Estudiar esto con calma https://elpy.readthedocs.io/en/latest
Desde la página web oficial de web2py descargamos el source code para usuarios normales.
Yo he descomprimido el framework en ~/apps/web2py
Para que el framework soporte ssl convine generar los siguientes certificados:
openssl genrsa -out server.key 2048 openssl req -new -key server.key -out server.csr Country Name (2 letter code) [AU]:ES State or Province Name (full name) [Some-State]:CORUNA Locality Name (eg, city) []:CORUNA Organization Name (eg, company) [Internet Widgits Pty Ltd]:Mikasa Organizational Unit Name (eg, section) []:salvari Common Name (e.g. server FQDN or YOUR name) []:salvari Email Address []:salvari@gmail.com Please enter the following 'extra' attributes to be sent with your certificate request A challenge password []:secret1t05 An optional company name []:Mikasa
Ahora ejecutamos:
openssl x509 -req -days 365 -in server.csr -signkey server.key -out server.crt
Ahora deberíamos dejar los ficheros server.key
, server.csr
y server.crt
en el directorio raiz de web2py y ya podremos arrancar el framework con los siguientes parámetros:
python web2py.py -a 'admin_password' -c server.crt -k server.key -i 0.0.0.0 -p 8000
Y ya podemos acceder nuestro server en la dirección https://localhost:8000
Tampoco está de más instalar las librerías de graphviz:
sudo aptitude install python-pygraphviz
Bajamos los paquetes de la página web , descomprimimimos en ~/apps/arduino.
Creamos un link al directorio del software que hemos descargado:
cd ~/apps/arduino ln -s arduino-x.y.z current
La primera ves que instalamos será necesario crear el desktop file con Menulibre con las actulizaciones no será necesario, siempre y cuando apunte a ~/apps/arduino/current
Tenemos el paquete de instalación disponible en su página web
Ejecutamos el programa de instalación. El programa descargará los paquetes Debian necesarios para dejar el IDE y los compiladores instalados.
Al acabar la instalación he tenido que crear el directorio ~/Pinguino/v11, parece que hay algún problema con el programa de instalación y no lo crea automáticamente.
El programa queda correctamente instalado en /opt y arranca correctamente, habrá que probarlo con los micros.
Instalamos desde backports:
sudo aptitude install -t jessie-backports kicad
Vamos a instalar a mayores algunas librerias de KiCAD, para poder crear Shields de Arduino.
apt-get install apt-transport-https ca-certificates apt-key adv --keyserver hkp://p80.pool.sks-keyservers.net:80 --recv-keys 58118E89F3A912897C070ADBF76221572C52609D edit docker.list with deb https://apt.dockerproject.org/repo debian-jessie main apt-cache policy docker-engine -- comprobamos que todo está bien. sudo apt-get install docker-engine -- da un error en makedev por udev activo sudo service docker start sudo docker run hello-world - todo bien sudo gpasswd -a salvari docker
Tenemos que:
echo "deb http://download.virtualbox.org/virtualbox/debian jessie contrib" \ |sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/virtualbox.list wget -q https://www.virtualbox.org/download/oracle_vbox_2016.asc -O- \ | sudo apt-key add - sudo apt-get update sudo apt-get install virtualbox-5.1 sudo gpasswd -a salvari vboxusers
Una vez instalado el virtualbox tenemos que instalarnos el pack de extensiones, es muy importante descargar el pack correspondiente a nuestra versión desde la página web de descargas
Sin más que hacer doble click en el fichero descargado lo instalaremos en nuestra instancia de Virtualbox (necesitamos la contraseña de administración).
Una vez instalado el SO Windows instalamos las Guest Additions.
Los dos son muy interesantes. He usado zsh casi un año, ahora voy a probar fish.
Instalamos fish desde aptitude con:
sudo aptitude install fish
Instalamos oh-my-fish
curl -L https://github.com/oh-my-fish/oh-my-fish/raw/master/bin/install > install fish install rm install chsh -s `which fish`
Igualmente instalamos zsh:
sudo aptitude install zsh
Vamos a usar antigen así que nos lo clonamos en _~/apps/
cd ~/apps git clone https://github.com/zsh-users/antigen
Y editamos el fichero ~/.zshrc para que contenga:
source ~/apps/antigen/antigen.zsh # Load the oh-my-zsh's library. antigen use oh-my-zsh # Bundles from the default repo (robbyrussell's oh-my-zsh). antigen bundle git antigen bundle command-not-found antigen bundle autojump antigen bundle extract # antigen bundle heroku # antigen bundle pip # antigen bundle lein # Syntax highlighting bundle. antigen bundle zsh-users/zsh-syntax-highlighting # git antigen bundle arialdomartini/oh-my-git antigen theme arialdomartini/oh-my-git-themes oppa-lana-style # autosuggestions antigen bundle tarruda/zsh-autosuggestions #antigen theme agnoster # Tell antigen that you're done. antigen apply # append to path path+=('/home/salvari/apps/julia/current/bin/') # prepend # path=('/home/salvari/bin/' $path) # export PATH
Antigen ya se encarga de descargar todo lo que queramos utilizar en zsh.
Nos queda arreglar las fuentes para que funcione correctamente la linea de estado en los repos de git. Necesitamos una fuente Awesome
Nos bajamos unas cuantas fuentes que soporten los iconos Awesome.
cd ~/tmp git clone https://github.com/abertsch/Menlo-for-Powerline git clone https://github.com/powerline/fonts mkdir ~/.fonts cp someFontFile ~/.fonts/ fc-cache -vf ~/.fonts/
Descargamos el paquete binario desde la página web.
Instalado desde aptitude.
Descargamos desde github
Descargamos desde la pagina web
sudo aptitude install python3-pyqt5 sudo dpkg -i Cura-2.1.3-Linux.deb
sudo apt-get install python-serial python-wxgtk2.8 python-pyglet python-numpy \ cython python-libxml2 python-gobject python-dbus python-psutil python-cairosvg git python setup.py build_ext --inplace
Instalamos el paquete apache2
sudo aptitude install apache2
Si abrimos el navegador y visitamos http://localhost/ veremos la página de Apache.
El directorio raiz por defecto de Apache en Debian es /var/www, y el fichero de configuración principal es /etc/apache2/apache2.conf. Hay ficheros de configuración adicionales en el directorio /etc/apache2 y sus subdirectorios. Por ejemplo:
Además del Apache vamos a dejar instalado el php5
sudo aptitude install php5 libapache2-mod-php5
Hay que reiniciar el servicio: sudo service apache2 restart
Si creamos un fichero /var/www/html/info.php, que contenga las lineas:
<?php phpinfo(); ?>
Podemos ver en el siguiente enlace http://localhost/info.php si el php funciona correctamente.
Módulos de php relacionados con mysql:
sudo aptitude install php5-mysqlnd php5-curl php5-gd php5-intl php-pear \ php5-imagick php5-imap php5-mcrypt php5-memcache php5-pspell php5-recode \ php5-snmp php5-sqlite php5-tidy php5-xmlrpc php5-xsl
TODO
Instalamos desde aptitude mysql-server.5.6
Opcionalmente (y muy recomendable)
mysql_secure_instalallation
Cambiamos el fichero mysql.conf.d/mysqld.cnf
# max_allowed_packet = 16M max_allowed_packet = 500M
Reiniciamos el servicio:
/etc/init.d/mysql restart
Descargamos el paquete desde la página web y lo descomprimimos en ~/apps, también tendremos que descargar el conector de mysql para java, por ejemplo desde aquí
Una vez instalado, creamos el desktop-file con MenuLibre y configuramos el driver MySQL añadiendo el path a donde hayamos dejado el conector java.
PENDIENTE
Para usar la Orange Pi Zero tendremos que crear imágenes arrancables en tarjetas micro SD.
Dependiendo de donde conectemos la tarjeta tendremos que usar diferentes rutas. En el procedimiento descrito a continuación ${card}
será la ruta al dispositivo de la tarjeta y ${p} la partición (si la hay).
Si la tarjeta se conecta via adaptador USB, linux la va a asociar a un dispositivo /dev/sdx, por ejemplo en mi portátil el disco duro es /dev/sda
las distintas particiones serán /dev/sda1
, /devb/sda2
, etc.
Si conectamos una memoria con un adaptador USB linux la podría mapear en /dev/sdb
por ejemplo.
Si la memoria se conecta mediante una ranura SD, linux la asociará a un dispositivo /dev/mmcblk0
o /dev/mmcblk1
, etc. etc. Dependerá de la ranura usada. Las particiones en este tipo de dispositivos tienen rutas como por ejemplo /dev/mmcblk0p1
.
Los datos se pueden almacenar directamente en la memoria SD o en una partición creada en la memoria.
Resumiendo:
${card}
será /dev/sdb
o /dev/mmcblk0
/dev/sdb1
o /dev/mmcblk0p1
Antes de seguir adelante hay que estar completamente seguro del dispositivo asociado a nuestra memoria SD para no armar ningún estropicio.
Hay varias comprobaciones que se pueden hacer:
dmesg |tail
nos permitirá echar un ojo a los últimos mensajes en el log del sistema. Si acabamos de insertar la memoria veremos el dispositivo usado.
sudo fdisk -l
nos permite ver las particiones montadas en nuestro linux, por ejemplo con mi SD en la ranura SD de mi portatil la salida es (entre otras cosas, he obviado las particiones de los discos duros):
Disk /dev/mmcblk0: 7.4 GiB, 7948206080 bytes, 15523840 sectors Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disklabel type: dos Disk identifier: 0x00000000
cat /proc/partitions
también nos dará una lista de particiones, en mi portátil las que interesan son:
179 0 7761920 mmcblk0 179 1 7757824 mmcblk0p1
Descargamos la imagen de Jessie adaptada a la Orange Pi Zero desde la página https://www.armbian.com/download/
Descomprimimos la imagen y la grabamos en la tarjeta SD con el comando:
sudo dd if=./Armbian_5.24_Orangepizero_Debian_jessie_3.4.113.img of=/dev/mmcblk0
Insertamos la tarjeta en la Orange Pi y le damos alimentación. El primer arranque llevará alrededor de tres minutos, y tras ese tiempo aun hará falta un minuto más para poder hacer login. Este retardo es debido a que el sistema intentará actualizar la lista de paquetes y creará un area de swap de emergencia en la SD, y además cambiará el tamaño de la partición que hemos creado para ocupar todo el espacio libre en la SD.
De momento solo la he arrancado y efectivamente las particiones han cambiado tras el arranque así que tiene buena pinta.
Volvemos a insertar la SD en la Orange Pi y la conectamos con un cable ethernet al router de casa. El Armbian viene configurado por defecto para obtener su IP desde un servidor DHCP.
Como mi cutre-router no me da información de las IP asignadas usamos nmap:
nmap -sP 192.168.0.0 /24
Con eso averiguamos la IP asignada a la Orange Pi Zero y ya podemos hacer login con:
ssh root@192.168.0.109
¡Y ya estamos!
Lo primero es poner al dia el sistema:
apt-get update apt-get upgrade
Si quieres puedes reconfigurar el time zone:
dpgk-reconfigura tzdata
Vamos a comprobar que todo va bien:
root@orangepizero:~# iwconfig lo no wireless extensions. tunl0 no wireless extensions. wlan0 IEEE 802.11bgn ESSID:off/any Mode:Managed Access Point: Not-Associated Tx-Power=20 dBm Retry long limit:7 RTS thr:off Fragment thr:off Encryption key:off Power Management:on eth0 no wireless extensions.
Todo tiene buena pinta, vamos a ver si detecta WIFIs:
root@orangepizero:~# iwlist wlan0 scan |grep ESSID ESSID:"wificlientesR" ESSID:"casa_de_verano" ESSID:"MOVISTAR_BEEF" ESSID:"wificlientesR" ESSID:"R-wlan90" ESSID:"MOVISTAR_BAAF" ESSID:"ababab" ESSID:"WLAN 77" ESSID:"castillo" ESSID:"unaWifi" ESSID:"" ESSID:"mikasa"
Para configurar el wifi echamos un ojo al fichero /etc/network/interfaces
pero en ese mismo fichero encontramos el aviso:
# Armbian ships with network-manager installed by default. To save you time # and hassles consider using 'sudo nmtui' instead of configuring Wi-Fi settings # manually.
Así que basta con ejecutar sudo nmtui
y ya podemos dar de alta nuestra wifi (yo la prefiero con IP estática).
Ejecutamos ifconfig
y ya vemos nuestro nuevo interface configurado:
ifconfig wlan0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr a4:7c:f2:9a:97:7c inet addr:192.168.0.120 Bcast:192.168.0.255 Mask:255.255.255.0 inet6 addr: fe80::a67c:f2ff:fe9a:977c/64 Scope:Link UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:2 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:8 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 RX bytes:328 (328.0 B) TX bytes:852 (852.0 B)
Bajamos la imagen con nuestro cliente torrent favorito desde aquí, no os molesteis en clonar el directorio, hay que bajarse la imagen.
sudo dd if=./Mediacenter-AikonCWD-v6.img of=/dev/mmcblk0 bs=4M
Arrancamos con la toma ethernet conectada al router y nos conectamos tras averigurar la IP con nmap
(ver Orange Pi Zero)
Una vez instalado los pasos recomendados:
passwd
/etc/dhcpcd.conf
, ya de paso configuramos la IP estática para la WIFIinterface eth0 static ip_address=192.168.0.125/24 static routers=192.168.0.1 static domain_name_servers=8.8.8.8 interface wlan0 static ip_address=192.168.0.126/24 static routers=192.168.0.1 static domain_name_servers=8.8.8.8
shutdown -r now
iwconfig
, si aparece el wlan0
todo va bien.wlan0 IEEE 802.11bgn ESSID:off/any Mode:Managed Access Point: Not-Associated Tx-Power=31 dBm Retry short limit:7 RTS thr:off Fragment thr:off Encryption key:off Power Management:on
/etc/network/interfaces
y asegurarnos de tener el wlan0
como sigue:allow-hotplug wlan0 iface wlan0 inet manual wpa-conf /etc/wpa_supplicant/wpa_supplicant.conf
wpa_supplicant
, es decir /etc/wpa_supplicant/wpa_supplicant.conf
y añadir un bloque network
que sea como el que va a continuación, de paso he cambiado el country
a “ES”, asi que queda así:country=ES ctrl_interface=DIR=/var/run/wpa_supplicant GROUP=netdev update_config=1 network={ ssid="YOURSSID" psk="YOURPASSWORD" }
shutdown -r now
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If You Share the Licensed Material (including in modified form), You must: a. retain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor with the Licensed Material: i. identification of the creator(s) of the Licensed Material and any others designated to receive attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by the Licensor (including by pseudonym if designated); ii. a copyright notice; iii. a notice that refers to this Public License; iv. a notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties; v. a URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the extent reasonably practicable; b. indicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain an indication of any previous modifications; and c. indicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this Public License, and include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, this Public License. 2. You may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may be reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or hyperlink to a resource that includes the required information. 3. If requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably practicable. b. ShareAlike. In addition to the conditions in Section 3(a), if You Share Adapted Material You produce, the following conditions also apply. 1. The Adapter's License You apply must be a Creative Commons license with the same License Elements, this version or later, or a BY-SA Compatible License. 2. You must include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, the Adapter's License You apply. You may satisfy this condition in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share Adapted Material. 3. 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For the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights. Section 5 -- Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability. a. UNLESS OTHERWISE SEPARATELY UNDERTAKEN BY THE LICENSOR, TO THE EXTENT POSSIBLE, THE LICENSOR OFFERS THE LICENSED MATERIAL AS-IS AND AS-AVAILABLE, AND MAKES NO REPRESENTATIONS OR WARRANTIES OF ANY KIND CONCERNING THE LICENSED MATERIAL, WHETHER EXPRESS, IMPLIED, STATUTORY, OR OTHER. THIS INCLUDES, WITHOUT LIMITATION, WARRANTIES OF TITLE, MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE, NON-INFRINGEMENT, ABSENCE OF LATENT OR OTHER DEFECTS, ACCURACY, O